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Events
January 31 - Battle of Gemblours - Spanish forces under Don John of Austria and Alexander Farnese defeat the Dutch. Don John begins to recover control of the French-speaking Southern Netherlands
August 4 - Battle of Al Kasr al Kebir - The Moroccans defeat the Portuguese. King Sebastian I of Portugal is defeated and killed in North Africa, leaving his elderly uncle, Cardinal Henry, as his heir. This initiates a succession crisis in Portugal.
October 1 - Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma, succeeds Don John as Spanish Governor-General of the Netherlands.
Tibet - Sonam Gyrso receives from prince Atlan Khan the title of "Talaļ" and becomes the third Dalai Lama.
Battle of Wenden - The Russians are defeated by the Swedes, who proceed to take Polotsk.
The Ottoman Empire conquers Abkhazia.
Births
April 1 - William Harvey, physician, discovered blood circulation
April 14 - King Philip III of Spain
July 9 - Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
December 2 - Agostino Agazzari, composer and writer on music
Deaths
April 19 - Uesugi Kenshin, Japanese samurai and warlord
August 4 - King Sebastian I of Portugal
October 1 - Don John of Austria, illegitimate son of Emperor Charles V, victor of the Battle of Lepanto, Spanish Governor-General of the Netherlands
Category:1578
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