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Events and Trends
Technology
Production of steel revolutionised by invention of the Bessemer process
Benjamin Silliman fractionates petroleum by distillation for the first time
First transatlantic telegraph cable laid
First safety elevator installed by Elisha Otis
Science
Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species, putting forward the theory of evolution by natural selection
Epidemiology begins when John Snow traces the source of an outbreak of cholera in London to a contaminated water pump.
Discovery of Neandertal fossils in Neanderthal, Germany
Solar flares discovered by Richard Christopher Carrington
War, peace and politics
Crimean war (1854 - 1856) fought between Imperial Russia and an alliance consisting of the United Kingdom, the Second French Empire, the Kingdom of Sardinia and the Ottoman Empire. The majority of the conflict takes place around Crimea, on the northern coasts of the Black Sea.
The Indian Mutiny: revolt against British colonial rule in India
Dissolution of the Mughal Empire by the British.
156 are killed in Paris in a failed assassination attempt on Napoleon III, Emperor of France
Moldavia and Wallachia are unified and form Romania.
World Leaders
Emperor Franz Josef (Austria-Hungary)
Emperor Napoleon III (France)
Pope Pius IX
Emperor Nicholas I (Russia)
Emperor Alexander II (Russia)
Queen Victoria, (United Kingdom)
Prime Minister Lord John Russell (United Kingdom)
Prime Minister Lord Aberdeen (United Kingdom)
Prime Minister Lord Palmerston (United Kingdom)
President Millard Fillmore (United States)
President Franklin Pierce (United States)
President James Buchanan (United States)
Category:1850s
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