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Events
January 19 - Giuseppe Verdi's opera Il Trovatore premieres in Rome
January 21 - Russell L. Hawes patents the envelope folding machine
January 29 - Napoleon III marries the Spanish Countess Eugènie at the Tuileries
March 4 – Inauguration of US president Franklin Pierce
June 7 - Franklin College of Lancaster, Pennsylvania merges with Marshall College of Mercersburg, Pennsylvania to form Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster
June 20 - Pope Pius X elected
July 8 Commodore Perry arrives in Edo Bay with a request for a trade treaty
July 25 Outlaw and bandit Joaquin Murietta is killed.
August 12 – New Zealand acquires self-government
August 24 - Potato chips first prepared.
November 15 - Maria II of Portugal is succeeded by her son Pedro
November 30 - Crimean War: Battle of Sinope - The Russian fleet destroys the Turkish fleet.
December 30 - Gadsden Purchase: The United States buys land from Mexico to facilitate railroad building in the Southwest
Yellow fever kills 7790 in New Orleans
Alexander Wood invents the hypodermic syringe
Argentina adopts federal constitution - Buenos Aires opposes that
Donald McKay builds the Great Republic, the world's biggest sailing ship, which at 4,500 tons was too large to be successful
Isambard Kingdom Brunel began work on the Great Eastern passenger steamer
Start of Crimean War
Independent Santa Cruz Maya of Eastern Yucatan recognized as an independent nation by British Empire
Iesada succeeds Ieoshi as Japanese Shogun
Beginning of the Late Tokugawa shogunate, the last part of the Edo period in Japan.
Births
January 28 - José Martí, revolutionary (+ 1895)
February 6 - Ignacij Klemenčič, Slovene physicist (+ 1901)
March 14 - Ferdinand Hodler, painter (+ 1918)
March 30 - Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter
May 28 - Carl Larsson, painter (+ 1919)
June 3 - William Flinders Petrie, Egyptologist
July 5 - Cecil Rhodes, South African politician
July 18- Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate
Deaths
January 16 - Matteo Carcassi, Italian composer
March 17 - Christian Doppler, mathematician
July 23 - Ieoshi, Japanese Shogun
November 15 - Maria II of Portugal
Category:1853
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