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1931 is a common year starting on Thursday.
Events
January-March
January 4 - Female aviator Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa
January 6 - Thomas Edison submits his last patent application.
January 22 - Sir Isaac Isaacs sworn in as the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia
January 25 - Mohandas Gandhi released again
January 27 - Pierre Laval forms a government in France
February 10 - New Delhi becomes the capital of India
February 16 - Pehr Evind Svinhufvud elected president of Finland
February 20 - California gets the go-ahead by the U.S. Congress to build the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge.
March 1 - Henry Pu Yi, former Emperor of China, is proclaimed King of the puppet state of Manchukuo by Japan.
March 1 - USS Arizona (BB-39) placed back in full commission after a refit
March 3 - The Star-Spangled Banner is adopted as the United States National anthem.
March 4 - British viceroy of India and Mohandas Gandhi negotiate
March 7 - New House of Representatives opened in Helsinki, Finland
March 17 - Nevada legalizes gambling
March 25 - The Scottsboro Boys are arrested in Alabama and charged with rape.
March 31 - An earthquake destroys Managua, Nicaragua killing 2,000.
April-August
April 1 - Earthquake destroys Managua, Nicaragua - over 2000 dead
April 6 - Portuguese government declares martial law in Madeira and in the Azores because of an attempted military takeover in Funchal
April 9 - Execution of Argentinean anarchist Severino Digiovanni
April 14 - 2nd Spanish Republic proclaimed in Spain
April 22 - Austria, Britain, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Sweden and USA recognize Spanish republic
May 1 - Construction of the Empire State Building is completed in New York City
May 4 - Kemal Ataturk re-elected president of Turkey
May 13 - Paul Doumer elected president of France
June 14 - Yacht St Philiebert sinks in river Loire in France - over 500 drown
July 1 - Official opening of Milan Central Station
Huang He floods kill between 850,000 and 4,000,000 people - the most deadly historic natural disaster.
August 24 - Labour Government of Ramsay MacDonald resigns in Britain - replaced by National Government of people drawn from all parties also under MacDonald.
August 31 - Yangtze river floods - 23 million made homeless
September-December
September 15 - The Invergordon Mutiny: Strikes in Royal Navy due to decreased salaries
September 18 - Mukden Incident. After that, Japan occupied Manchuria.
September 18 - Geli Raubal is found shot dead in Hitler's apartment
November 8 - French gendarmes launch a large scale raid against Corsican bandits
November 8 - Panama Canal closed for couple of weeks due to damage caused by a number of earthquakes
December 10 - Alcala Zamora elected president of Spanish republic
Undated
Deuterium discovered by Harold Clayton Urey.
The Castellemmarese War ends with the assassination of Joe "The Boss" Masseria, briefly leaving Salvatore Maranzano as capo di tutti capi, "boss of all bosses" and undisputed ruler of the American mafia. Maranzano is himself assassinated less than 6 months later, leading to the establishment of the Five Families
Ust-Abakanskoye becomes Abakan.
Births
January
January 4 - Adi Lady Lala Mara, Fijian chieftainess and former First Lady; widow of long-time former Prime Minister and President, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara (d. 2004).
January 5 - Alvin Ailey, choreographer
January 5 - Alfred Brendel, Austrian pianist
January 5 - Robert Duvall, actor and director
January 6 - E. L. Doctorow, author
January 8 - Bill Graham, rock music entrepreneur (d. 1991)
January 10 - Viktor Liebermann, violinist (d. 1999)
January 10 - Peter Barnes, playwright and screenwriter (d. 2004)
January 13 - Charles Nelson Reilly, actor
January 14 - Caterina Valente, singer, actress
January 16 - Johannes Rau, President of Germany
January 17 - James Earl Jones, actor
January 19 - Tippi Hedren, actress
January 19 - Robert MacNeil, journalist
January 22 - Sam Cooke, singer (d. 1964)
January 27 - Mordecai Richler, author (d. 2001)
January 30 - Allan W. Eckert, historian, naturalist and author
January 31 - Ernie Banks, Baseball Hall of Famer
February-April
February 1 - Boris Yeltsin, Russian president 1991-1999
February 2 - Dries van Agt, Dutch politician
February 6 - Rip Torn, actor, director
February 8 - James Dean, actor (d. 1955)
February 10 - Thomas Bernhard, author (d. 1989)
February 11 - Larry Merchant, author/boxing commentator.
February 18 - Toni Morrison, writer, winner of the Nobel Prize in literature 1993
February 18 - Bob St. Clair, American football star
February 18 - Johnny Hart, cartoonist
February 28 - Dean Smith, NCAA basketball coach
March 2 - Mikhail Gorbachev
March 2 - Tom Wolfe, author
March 11 - Rupert Murdoch, publisher, entrepreneur
March 22 - William Shatner, (actor)
March 26 - Leonard Nimoy, actor, director
March 29 - Aleksei Gubarev, cosmonaut
April 1 - Rolf Hochhuth, writer
April 27 - Igor Oistrakh, Ukrainian violinist
April 29 - Frank Auerbach, painter
April 29 - Lonnie Donegan, musician (d. 2002)
May-August
May 6 - Willie Mays, Baseball Hall of Famer
May 7 - Teresa Brewer, singer
May 13 - Jim Jones, cult leader (d. 1978)
May 14 - Alvin Lucier, composer
May 15 - Ken Venturi, golfer
May 16 - Natwar Singh, politician
May 18 - Robert Morse, actor
May 19 - [[Eric Tappy, Swiss tenor
May 20 - Ken Boyer, baseball player (d. 1981)
May 25 - Georgi Grechko, cosmonaut
May 31 - Shirley Verrett, American soprano
June 3 - Lindy Remigino, American athlete
June 7 - Malcolm Morley, painter
July 1 - Leslie Caron, French actress
July 10 - Alice Munro, Canadian writer
July 26 - Fred Foster, founder of Monument Records
August 12 - William Goldman, author
August 19 - Bill Shoemaker, jockey (d. 2003)
August 28 - John Shirley-Quirk, English bass-baritone
August 31 - Jean Béliveau, Canadian ice hockey player
September-December
September 22 - Fay Weldon, British feminist author
September 22 - George Younger, 4th Viscount Younger of Leckie, British politician (d. 2003)
September 23 - Gerald Stairs Merrithew, educator, statesman
October 7 - Cotton Fitzsimmons, NBA basketball coach (d. 2004)
October 7 - Desmond Tutu, South African Anglican Archbishop anti-apartheid activist
October 13 - Eddie Mathews, Major League Baseball player (d. 2001)
October 20 - Mickey Mantle, Baseball Hall of Famer (d. 1995)
October 23 - Jim Bunning, Baseball Hall of Famer, U.S. Senator
November 21 - Malcolm Williamson, composer (d. 2003)
November 23 - Dervla Murphy, traveler, author
November 28 - Hope Lange, American actress
December 24 - Mauricio Kagel, composer
Deaths
January 23 - Anna Pavlova, ballerina
February 11 - Charles Algernon Parsons, British inventor of the steam turbine
February 16 - Wilhelm von Gloeden, photographer
March 7 - Akseli Gallén-Kallela, Finnish painter
March 11 - F.W. Murnau, director
March 31 - Knute Rockne, American football coach
April 10 - Khalil Gibran Lebanese poet and painter
May 14 - David Belasco, writer
July 4 - Buddie Petit, jazz musician (b. ca. 1890)
August 6 - Bix Beiderbecke, jazz trumpeter (b. 1903)
August 27 - Frank Harris, author and editor
October 13 - Ernst Didring, Swedish writer
October 18 - Thomas Alva Edison, inventor
December 2 - Vincent d'Indy, composer and teacher
Undated
Joseph Tabrar, one of the most famous songwriters of British Music Hall.
Physics - not awarded
Chemistry - Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius
Medicine - Otto Heinrich Warburg
Literature - Erik Axel Karlfeldt
Peace - Jane Addams Nicholas Murray Butler
Category:1931
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