1970s ::: Project ETERNITY

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Millennia: 1st millennium - 2nd millennium - 3rd millennium

1940s 1950s 1960s - 1970s - 1980s 1990s 2000s

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century
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Events and trends

Computers, technology

Microprocessors are developed - used first in industrial applications and after that also in consumer products

Pocket calculators make the slide rule obsolete.

Home computer revolution starts

Unix created along with C programming language

Microsoft is founded (1975)

Science

Viking missions to Mars

Venera missions to Venus

Voyager spacecraft launched to explore the outer solar system

Homo ergaster discovered; Homo rudolfensis skull unearthed at Koobi Fora but identified as Homo habilis

Skylab and Salyut space stations

Discovery of the bottom quark; theory of quantum chromodynamics postulated to describe the strong interaction, one of the four fundamental forces of nature

Southern blot genetics technique developed

War, peace and politics

fear of nuclear war despite détente, SALT treaties.

Watergate break-in, cover-up, and scandal, leading to U.S. president Richard Nixon's resignation.

Yom Kippur War of 1973; Egypt and Israel establish diplomatic relations through Camp David Accords of 1978.

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. East Pakistan wins independence as Bangladesh. Martial law declared in Pakistan. Indira Gandhi suspends constitution in India.

U.S. expansion of, then withdrawal from Vietnam War. Saigon falls to North Vietnamese forces in 1975.

Genocide in Cambodia under Khmer Rouge. Pol Pot deposed by Vietnamese troops.

widespread strikes and industrial unrest in the United Kingdom throughout decade; Conservative Party's Margaret Thatcher elected first female prime minister.

Coup in Chile topples government of Salvador Allende, who is replaced by Augusto Pinochet. Coups and revolutions topple governments of Afghanistan, Argentina, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Ghana, and Nicaragua among others. Iranian Revolution and hostage crisis. Assassination of South Korea's Park Chunghee.

USSR begins disastrous military campaign in Afghanistan.

Spain establishes democracy after death of dictator Francisco Franco; withdraws from Western Sahara to see it occupied by Morocco

Portugal's decolonization from Mozambique, Angola, Portuguese Guinea, and East Timor; Indonesia invades the last. Carnation Revolution.

Torrijos-Carter Treaties promise U.S. withdrawal from Panama Canal.

Rise of environmental awareness and green movements, peace movement and women's liberation in Europe and the USA. First Earth Day (1970). Whole Earth Catalog becomes widely popular and wins National Book Award. Decline of the Black Panther Party. Peak of activity of the Japanese Red Army, Red Army Faction, Red Brigades, Symbionese Liberation Army, and Weathermen.

Economics

high inflation, unemployment, and interest rates produce stagflation among industrialized nations; most OECD economies fall into chronic budget deficit.

collapse of the Bretton Woods system and macroeconomic consensus. U.S. leaves the gold standard; gold commodity prices soar.

OPEC oil embargo (see 1973 energy crisis) and Iranian Revolution (see 1979 energy crisis) spark petroleum crises.

the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark join Common Market in 1973.

rise of supply-side economics and resurgence of the Austrian school; Robert Lucas Jr. and the "New Classical" school challenge Keynesian economics; monetarist Paul Volcker appointed chairman of the Federal Reserve.

Eurocommunism peaks under Enrico Berlinguer; neoliberal policies implemented under Pinochet and Thatcher.

U.S. government deregulates airlines, bails out Chrysler, creates Conrail and Amtrak.

Culture

Funk, Glam rock, Disco, Punk rock, Gothic rock music,

Star Wars

An age of superstars and idols in sports, music, literature and film.

Jamaican reggae music begins to gain an international audience, while dub music influences African Americans in New York City, leading to the development of hip hop

In design, 1970s forms tended to be squared off and voluminous.

Beginnings of a widespread, strong interest in bringing the considerations of ecology together with the disciplines of planning and design in Environmental design.

1970s ::: Project ETERNITY

Events and trends

Computers, technology

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War, peace and politics

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Culture

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