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April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining.
Events
527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
1789 - In New York City, the United States House of Representatives holds its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first House Speaker.
1826 - Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine.
1865 - American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks - In Petersburg, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
1867 - Singapore becomes British crown colony.
1873 - The British steamer SS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia killing 547.
1891 - The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
1918 - The Royal Flying Corps is replaced by the Royal Air Force.
1924 - Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years in jail for his participation in the "Beer Hall Putsch." However he was only in jail for nine months.
1928 - KCR British Section was no longer run.
1933 - The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany, ushering in the series of anti-Semitic acts that will be known as the Holocaust.
1934 - Bonnie and Clyde kill two young highway patrolmen near Grapevine, Texas.
1937 - Aden becomes a British crown colony.
1945 - World War II: Battle of Okinawa - United States troops land on Okinawa in the last campaign of the war.
1946 - A 7.8 magnitude earthquake near the Aleutian Islands creates a tsunami that strikes the Hawaiian Islands killing 159 (mostly in Hilo, Hawaii).
1948 - Cold War: Berlin Airlift - Military forces, under direction of the Soviet-controlled government in East Germany, set-up a land blockade of West Berlin.
1949 - Newfoundland becomes the tenth Province of Canada
1949 - Chinese Civil War: Communist Party of China held unsuccessful peace talks with the Kuomintang in Beijing, after three years of fighting.
1954 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.
1960 - The United States launches the first weather satellite, TIROS-1.
1967 - The United States Department of Transportation begins operation.
1969 - The Hawker Siddeley Harrier enters service with the RAF.
1970 - President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law banning cigarette advertisements in the United States starting on January 1, 1971.
1970 - American Motors introduces the Gremlin.
1973 - Project Tiger, a tiger conservation project, is launched in the Corbett National Park, India.
1976 - Apple Computer Company is formed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.
1979 - Iran's government becomes Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, overthrowing the Shah officially.
1985 - David Lee Roth announces his departure from Van Halen.
1996 - University of Kentucky team wins NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship.
1999 - Nunavut is established as a Canadian territory carved from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories.
2001 - An EP-3E United States Navy plane collides with a Chinese People's Liberation Army fighter jet. The Navy crew makes an emergency landing in Hainan, People's Republic of China and is detained.
2001 - Former president of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milosevic surrenders to police special forces, to be tried on charges of war crimes.
2001 - The first legal same-sex marriage in the Netherlands is celebrated.
2002 - The Netherlands legalizes euthanasia, becoming the only nation in the world to do so.
2003 - In Sturgis, Michigan, seven men place signs around town reading "All your base are belong to us," based on the popular mistranslation from the Japanese video game Zero Wing.
2004 - George W. Bush signs the Unborn Victims of Violence Act, which makes an attack that leads to the death of a mother and her unborn child two criminal charges.
2004 - The first legal same-sex marriage in the Canadian province of Quebec is celebrated; Michael Hendricks and René Leboeuf wed in Montreal.
Births
1578 - William Harvey, physician, discovered blood circulation (d. 1657)
1776 - Sophie Germain, mathematician (d. 1831)
1815 - Otto von Bismarck, politician (d. 1898)
1815 - Edward Clark, governor of Texas (d. 1880)
1834 - James Fisk, entrepreneur (d. 1872)
1866 - Ferruccio Busoni, pianist and composer (d. 1924)
1873 - Sergei Rachmaninoff, composer, pianist, and conductor (d. 1943)
1875 - Edgar Wallace, writer (d. 1932)
1883 - Lon Chaney, actor (d. 1930)
1885 - Wallace Beery, actor (d. 1949)
1895 - Alberta Hunter, singer (d. 1984)
1899 - Gustavs Celmins, politician (d. 1968)
1901 - Whittaker Chambers, Hiss case witness (d. 1961)
1908 - Abraham Maslow, psychologist (d. 1970)
1915 - Otto Wilhelm Fischer, actor
1920 - Toshirô Mifune, actor (d. 1997)
1922 - William Manchester, writer
1926 - Charles Bressler, American tenor
1926 - Anne McCaffrey, American science fiction author
1928 - Jane Powell, dancer, actress, singer
1929 - Milan Kundera, author
1931 - Rolf Hochhuth, writer
1932 - Gordon Jump, actor, "Maytag Repairman" (d. 2003)
1932 - Debbie Reynolds, actress
1934 - Rod Kanehl, Major League Baseball player (d. 2004)
1940 - Wangari Maathai, environmentalist
1948 - Jimmy Cliff, musician
1949 - Gil Scott-Heron, musician, composer
1953 - Barry Sonnenfeld, producer, director
1955 - Ronnie Burk, surrealist and AIDS activist (d. 2003)
1970 - Sung Hi Lee, model
1971 - Method Man, musician
1980 - Randy Orton, professional wrestler
Deaths
1204 - Eleanor of Aquitaine, wife of Henry II of England (b. c. 1122)
1637 - Niwa Nagashige, Japanese daimyo and retainer (b. 1571)
1872 - Frederick Maurice, English theologian (b. 1805)
1914 - Rube Waddell, Baseball Hall of Famer
1917 - Scott Joplin, musician, composer (b. 1868)
1922 - Emperor Karl of Austria (b. 1887)
1930 - Empress Zawditu of Ethiopia (b. 1876)
1946 - Noah Beery, actor
1947 - King George II of Greece (b. 1890)
1950 - Charles R. Drew, physician (b. 1904)
1966 - Flann O'Brien, humorist (b. 1911)
1968 - Lev Davidovich Landau, Russian physicist (b. 1908)
1976 - Max Ernst, artist (b. 1891)
1984 - Marvin Gaye, singer (b. 1939)
1988 - Joe Besser, actor, comedian; member of the Three Stooges
1991 - Martha Graham, dancer, choreographer (b. 1894)
1993 - Alan Kulwicki, NASCAR driver, 1992 Winston Cup Champion (b. 1954)
2003 - Leslie Cheung, actor (b. 1956)
2003 - Hyosuke Kujiraoka, a former vice speaker of the House of Representatives
Holidays and observances
April 1 is known as April Fool's Day in many countries
Roman Empire - Veneralia celebrated to honor Venus
In most universities, schools and offices in Japan, fiscal years and school years start on April 1. Also start of Indian financial year.
Brielle celebrates victory of 1572 over Spaniards.
In San Marino, two Captains Regent, elected by Parliament, take office for six months
Date that bobhouses, used for ice-fishing, must be taken off frozen lakes in New Hampshire.
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March 31 - April 2 - March 1 - May 1 -- listing of all days
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