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January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 334 days remaining, (335 in leap years). Also, this is the final day of January.
Events
1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon.
1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is executed for his plotting against Parliament and James I of England.
1747 - The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital.
1814 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of Argentina.
1849 - Corn Laws abolished in the United Kingdom.
1865 - American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief.
1876 - The United States orders all Native Americans to move into reservations.
1915 - World War I: Germany uses poison gas against Russians.
1917 - World War I: Germany announces its U-boats will engage in unrestricted submarine warfare.
1929 - The Soviet Union exiles Leon Trotsky.
1930 - 3M markets Scotch Tape.
1936 - The Green Hornet radio show debuts.
1944 - World War II: American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands in the Japanese-held Marshall Islands.
1945 - Eddie Slovik is executed, the first American soldier since the Civil War to be executed for desertion.
1946 - Yugoslavia's new constitution, modeling the Soviet Union, establishes six constituent republics (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia).
1950 - President Harry S. Truman announces a program to develop the hydrogen bomb.
1956 - Guy Mollet becomes Prime Minister of France.
1958 - The first successful American satellite, Explorer I, is launched into orbit.
1958 - James Van Allen discovers the Van Allen radiation belt.
1961 - Ham the Chimp travels into outer space.
1968 - Viet Cong attack the United States embassy in Saigon.
1968 - Nauru declares independence from Australia.
1971 - Apollo program: Astronauts aboard Apollo 14 lift off for a mission to the moon.
1988 - Super Bowl XXII: The Washington Redskins win their second championship of the 1980s, 42-10.
1990 - The first McDonald's opens in Moscow, Russia.
1993 - Super Bowl XXVII: The Dallas Cowboys defeat the Buffalo Bills, 52-17.
1995 - President Bill Clinton authorizes a $20 billion loan to Mexico to stabilize its economy.
1996 - An explosives-filled truck rams into the gates of the Central Bank in Colombo, Sri Lanka killing at least 86 and injuring 1,400.
1999 - Super Bowl XXXIII: The Denver Broncos defeat the Atlanta Falcons, 34-19.
2000 - An Alaska Airlines MD-83 crashes in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Malibu, California killing 131.
2001 - In the Netherlands a Scottish court convicts a Libyan and acquits another for their part in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 which crash into Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988.
2004 - Mystery Science Theater 3000 ends its run on the Sci-Fi Channel.
Births
1752 - Gouverneur Morris, lawmaker and diplomat (d. 1816)
1797 - Franz Schubert, composer (d. 1828)
1872 - Zane Grey, writer (d. 1939)
1884 - Theodor Heuss, politician and publicist (d. 1963)
1892 - Eddie Cantor, actor, singer (d. 1964)
1894 - Isham Jones, jazz musician (d. 1956)
1901 - Marie Luise Kaschnitz, writer (d. 1974)
1902 - Alva Mydral, politician (d. 1986)
1902 - Tallulah Bankhead, actress (d. 1968)
1905 - John O'Hara, writer (d. 1970)
1914 - Jersey Joe Walcott, boxer (d. 1994)
1915 - Thomas Merton, monk and author (d. 1968)
1915 - Garry Moore, American comedian, game show host (d. 1993)
1915 - Alan Lomax, American singer and musicologist (d. 2002)
1919 - Jackie Robinson, first African-American major league baseball player (d. 1972)
1920 - Paul Warnke, diplomat (d. 2001)
1921 - Carol Channing, actress
1921 - Mario Lanza, singer, actor (d. 1959)
1921 - E. Fay Jones, architect
1921 - John Agar, American actor (d. 2002)
1922 - Joanne Dru, American actress (d. 1996)
1923 - Norman Mailer, writer and journalist
1925 - Benjamin Hooks, head of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
1929 - Jean Simmons, actress
1931 - Ernie Banks, Baseball Hall of Famer
1934 - James Franciscus, American actor (d. 1991)
1937 - Suzanne Pleshette, actress
1937 - Philip Glass, composer
1938 - Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands
1938 - James G. Watt, former American politician
1940 - Stuart Margolin, American actor
1940 - Jessica Walter, American actress
1941 - Richard A. "Dick" Gephardt, American politician
1942 - Derek Jarman, director, writer (d. 1994)
1942 - Daniela Bianchi, Italian actress
1944 - Charlie Musselwhite, blues musician
1946 - Terry Kath, musician (d. 1978)
1947 - Nolan Ryan, Baseball Hall of Famer
1949 - Ken Wilber, philosopher
1956 - Johnny Rotten, British singer with the Sex Pistols
1959 - Kelly Lynch, American actress
1959 - Anthony LaPaglia, Australian actor
1961 - Lloyd Cole, British singer and songwriter
1963 - John Dye, American actor
1964 - Billey Shamrock, Swedish singer and songwriter.
1970 - Minnie Driver, actress
1973 - Portia DeRossi, Australian actress
1974 - Ian Huntley, responsible for the Soham murders
1976 - Buddy Rice, race car driver, winner of the 2004 Indianapolis 500
1977 - Kerry Washington, American actress
1980 - Tiffany Limos, actress
1981 - Justin Timberlake, musician
Deaths
743 - Muhammad al-Baqir, Shia Imam
1561 - Menno Simons, founder of Mennonite church (b. 1496)
1606 - Guy Fawkes, executed for his part in the Gunpowder Plot (b. 1570)
1851 - David Spangler Kaufman, American politician, first Jewish Congressman from Texas (b. 1813)
1892 - Charles Spurgeon, preacher and evangelist
1907 - Timothy Eaton, department store founder (b. 1834)
1933 - John Galsworthy, writer (b. 1867)
1945 - Eddie Slovik, American soldier (b. 1920)
1956 - A. A. Milne, author (Winnie the Pooh) (b. 1882)
1967 - Eddie Tolan, American athlete (b. 1908)
1970 - Slim Harpo, blues singer (b. 1924)
1974 - Samuel Goldwyn, film studio executive (b. 1882)
1976 - Ernesto Miranda, Miranda v. Arizona litigant
1990 - Rashad Khalifa, imam, stabbed to death (b. 1935)
1992 - Willie Dixon, blues musician (b. 1915)
1995 - George Abbott, director and producer on Broadway, dies at 107 (b. 1887)
2000 - Gil Kane, comic book writer
2001 - Gordon R. Dickson, science fiction writer (b. 1923)
2002 - Francis S. Gabriski, American flying ace
2004 - Eleanor Holm, American swimmer
Holidays and observances
Catholicism - Feast day of St. John Bosco.
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January 30 - February 1 - December 31 - February 28 (February 29) -- listing of all days
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