July 1 ::: Project ETERNITY

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July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining.

Events

1000-1899

1097 - Battle of Dorylaeum Crusaders under Bohemond of Taranto defeat a Turkish army under Qilich Arslan I.

1690 - Battle of the Boyne as reckoned under Julian calendar.

1782 - American privateers attack Lunenburg, Nova Scotia.

1858 - The joint reading of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace's papers on evolution to the Linnean Society.

1863 - Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War begins.

1867 - The British North America Act takes effect as the constitution of Canada, creating the Canadian Confederation; John A. Macdonald sworn as first Prime Minister.

1870 - The United States Department of Justice formally comes into existence.

1873 - Prince Edward Island joins the Canadian Confederation.

1878 - Canada joins Universal Postal Union.

1881 - World's first international telephone call, between St. Stephen, New Brunswick and Calais, Maine.

1885 - United States terminates reciprocity and fishery agreement with Canada.

1890 - Canada and Bermuda linked by telegraph cable.

1900-1949

1904 - Games of the III Olympiad open in Saint Louis, Missouri.

1916 - First day of the First Battle of the Somme. On this first day, 20,000 soldiers of the British Army are killed, and 40,000 wounded. Lasts until November; about one million casualties.

1931 - Official opening of Milan Central Station.

1923 - Canadian Parliament suspends all Chinese immigration.

1935 - Regina, Saskatchewan police and Royal Canadian Mounted Police ambush strikers participating in On-to-Ottawa-Trek.

1947 - The Australian real estate franchise L. J. Hooker lists on the Australian Stock Exchange

1948 - Official opening of New York International Airport (now known as John F. Kennedy International Airport) at Idlewild.

1950-1979

1957 - The International Geophysical Year begins (until December 31, 1958).

1958 - The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation links television broadcasting across Canada via microwave.

1958 - Flooding of the St. Lawrence Seaway begins.

1960 - Independence of Somalia.

1962 - Independence of Rwanda.

1962 - Independence of Burundi.

1963 - ZIP Code introduced for United States mail.

1963 - The British Government admits that former diplomat Kim Philby had worked as a Soviet agent.

1966 - First colour television transmission in Canada, from Toronto.

1967 - The European Community is formally created out of a merger with the Common Market, the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Commission.

1968 - Nuclear non-proliferation treaty signed by about sixty countries in Geneva, Switzerland.

1968 - Formal separation of the United Auto Workers with the AFL-CIO.

1969 - Rock group The Band release their influencial debut Music From Big Pink.

1972 - Andreas Baader, Jan-Carl Raspe and Holger Meins of the Red Army Faction are captured in Frankfurt after a shootout with the police.

1979 - Sony introduces the Walkman.

1980-1999

1980 - O Canada officially becomes the national anthem of Canada.

1983 - A North Korean Ilyushin Il-62M jet en route to Conakry Airport in Guinea crashed into the Fouta Djall Mountains in Guinea-Bissau, killing all 23 people on board.

1986 - In an interview with Playboy magazine, science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke comes out as a bisexual.

1987 - Excavation begins on the Channel Tunnel.

1988 - Bologna, Italy: Quartetto Cetra's last concert after over forty years' musical career.

1990 - East Germany accepts the Deutsche Mark as its currency, thus uniting the economies of East and West Germany.

1991 - The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved.

1997 - The United Kingdom hands sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China.

1999 - First opening of the Scottish parliament in nearly three centuries.

2000-2099

2000 - Vermont's civil unions law goes into effect.

2002 - A Bashkirian Airlines Tupolev TU-154 and a DHL (German cargo) Boeing 757 collide in mid-air over southern Germany, killing 71.

2003 - 500,000 people take part in a march in Hong Kong to protest, amongst other things, the government's handling of the plans to implement a new anti-subversion law required under Article 23 of Hong Kong's Basic Law.

2004 - Saturn Orbit Insertion of Cassini-Huygens begins at 01:12 UT and ends at 02:48 UT.