June 16 ::: Project ETERNITY

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June 16 is the 167th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (168th in leap years), with 198 days remaining.

Events

1400-1899

1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses

1586 - Mary Queen of Scots recognizes Philip II of Spain as her heir

1654 - Queen Christina of Sweden abdicates

1716 - The first volume of Alexander Pope's* translation of the lliad is published. Admonishes classical scholar Richard Bentley: "It is a pretty poem, Mr. Pope, but you must not call it Homer."

1745 - British troops take Cape Breton Island at the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River

1745 - Sir William Pepperell captures the French fortress of Louisburg during the War of the Austrian Succession.

1746 - War of Austrian Succession: Austria and Sardinia defeat a Franco-Spanish army at the Battle of Piacenza

1755 - French and Indian War: French surrender Fort Beauséjour to the British, leading to the expulsion of the Acadians

1774 - Formation of Harrodsburg, Kentucky.

1779 - Spain declares war on Britain and the siege of Gibraltar begins

1815 - Battle of Ligny and Battle of Quatre Bras, two days before Waterloo.

1836 - Formation of the London Working Men's Association begins the Chartist Movement

1846 - Pope Pius IX is elected pope.

1858 - Abraham Lincoln's House Divided speech in Springfield, Illinois

1858 - Battle of Morar, during the Indian Mutiny.

1871 - University Tests Act allow students to enter the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Durham without religious tests, except for courses in theology.

1884 - The first roller coaster in the United States begins operation at Coney Island, New York

1891 - John Abbott becomes Canada's third prime minister.

1900-1999

1902 - Australia: Female British subjects (with the glaring exception of Asians, Aborigines and Africans) won the vote with the Uniform Franchise Act.

1903 - Ford Motor Company incorporates.

1903 - Roald Amundsen commences first east-west navigation of the Northwest Passage by leaving Oslo, Norway.

1904 - Eugen Schauman assassinates Nikolai Bobrikov, Governor-General of Finland.

1904 - Leopold Bloom walks around Dublin. (see Ulysses)

1915 - foundation of the British Women's Institute

1922 - General election in Irish Free State: large majority to pro-Treaty Sinn Féin

1924 - Whampoa Military Academy is founded

1925 — The most famous Young Pioneer camp of the USSR, Artek established.

1940 - World War II: Marshal Henri Philippe Pétain becomes Premier of Vichy France

1940 - A Communist government is installed in Lithuania

1948 - The storming of the cockpit of the Miss Macao passenger seaplane, operated by the Cathay Pacific airline, marks the first skyjacking of a commercial plane.

1955 - Pope Pius XII excommunicates Juan Perón

1956 - Ted Hughes marries Sylvia Plath

1960 - Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho opens in New York

1961 - Rudolf Nureyev defects at Le Bourget airport in Paris

1963 - Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space

1972 - Burglars are caught breaking into the United States Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate building

1972 - Red Army Faction member Ulrike Meinhof is captured by police in Langenhagen.

1972 - Opening of the New York Jazz Museum

1972 - Largest single-site hydro-electric power project starts at Churchill Falls Newfoundland

1976 - Apartheid: A non-violent march by 15000 students in Soweto, South Africa turns into days of rioting when police open fire on the crowd and kill 566 children.

1977 - Leonid Brezhnev becomes president of the USSR

1981 - Ken Taylor honoured for helping six Americans escape from Iran during hostage crisis

1983 - Yuri Andropov becomes president of the USSR

1994 - A Chinese operated Northwest Airlines Tupolev TU-154 crashes 10 minutes after takeoff killing 160

1996 - First round of voting in the Russian presidential election

1999 - Thabo Mbeki elected President of South Africa.

2000-2099

2001 - George W. Bush and Vladimir Putin meet in Brdo pri Kranju, Slovenia

2002 - Politically Incorrect is cancelled (from sponsors dropping the show) after host Bill Maher makes controversial comments on air regarding the integrity of President George W. Bush.

2003 - The Hatfields and McCoys sign a formal truce.