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October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in Leap years). There are 74 days remaining.
Events
1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the "mad" Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, who hacks the Church's foundations down to bedrock.
1016 - The Danes defeat the Saxons in the Battle of Ashingdon.
1561 - Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima -- Takeda Shingen beats Uesugi Kenshin in the climax of their ongoing conflicts
1685 - Louis XIV of France revokes the Edict of Nantes, which has protected French Protestants
1748 - Signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the War of the Austrian Succession.
1767 - Mason-Dixon line, survey separating Maryland from Pennsylvania completed
1851 - "Moby-Dick", by US-novelist Herman Melville, is first published as "The Whale" by Richard Bentley, London.
1860 - The Second Opium War finally ended at the Convention of Peking with the ratification of the Treaty of Tientsin, an unequal treaty.
1867 - United States takes possession of Alaska (Alaska Day)
1898 - United States takes possession of Puerto Rico.
1907 - Second Geneva Convention
1908 - Belgium annexes Congo Free State
1912 - Beginning of First Balkan War
1922 - The British Broadcasting Company was founded by a consortium to establish a nationwide network of radio transmitters to provide a national broadcasting service.
1925 - The Grand Ole Opry opens
1944 - Adolf Hitler orders the establishment of a German national militia
1944 - Soviet Union invades Czechoslovakia
1945 - The USSR's nuclear program receives plans for the USA's plutonium bomb from Klaus Fuchs at the Los Alamos National Laboratory
1954 - Texas Instruments announces the first Transistor radio
1968 - John Lennon and Yoko Ono are fined UKP 150 after 168 grains of marijuana are found in their apartment in a police raid.
1969 - Jefferson Airplane member Paul Kantner is charged with possessin of marijuana on Hawaii.
1974 - The Texas Chainsaw Massacre opens in theaters.
1977 - German Autumn: a set of events revolving around the kidnapping of Hanns-Martin Schleyer and the hijacking of the Lufthansa airplane by the Red Army Faction (RAF) came to an end when Schleyer was executed and various RAF members committed suicide. The German government stated that it would never again negotiate with terrorists.
1993 - Andreas Papandreou begins his second term as Prime Minister of Greece.
2003 - Bolivian Gas War: President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, was forced to resign and leave Bolivia.
Births
1405 - Pope Pius II (d. 1464)
1706 - Baldassare Galuppi, composer (d. 1785)
1741 - Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, French general and author (d. 1803)
1785 - Thomas Love Peacock, English satirist (d. 1866)
1859 - Henri Bergson, writer (d. 1941)
1873 - Ivanoe Bonomi, former Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1951)
1898 - Lotte Lenya, singer, actress (d. 1981)
1898 - Shin'ichi Suzuki, violin player and teacher, creator of the Suzuki method (d. 1998)
1902 - Miriam Hopkins, actress (d. 1972)
1903 - Lina Radke, German athlete
1911 - Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, guru
1913 - Evelyn Venable Mohr, actress (d. 1993)
1918 - Bobby Troup, musician (d. 1999)
1919 - Anita O'Day, jazz singer
1919 - Pierre Elliott Trudeau, fifteenth Prime Minister of Canada (d. 2000)
1920 - Melina Mercouri, actress (d. 1994)
1921 - Jesse Helms, Senator from North Carolina
1926 - Chuck Berry, musician
1926 - Klaus Kinski, actor (d. 1991)
1927 - George C. Scott, actor (d. 1999)
1928 - Keith Jackson, American football commentator
1928 - Hugh Allan "Buddy" MacMaster, musician
1929 - Violeta Chamorro, President of Nicaragua
1934 - Inger Stevens, actress (d. 1970)
1934 - Chuck Swindoll, American evangelist
1935 - Peter Boyle, actor
1939 - Mike Ditka, American football player, coach, commentator
1939 - Lee Harvey Oswald, assassin (d. 1963)
1947 - Joe Morton, actor
1947 - Laura Nyro, singer, songwriter (d. 1997)
1948 - Ntozake Shange, author
1950 - Om Puri, actor
1950 - Wendy Wasserstein, playwright
1951 - Terry McMillan, author
1956 - Martina Navratilova, tennis player
1960 - Jean-Claude Van Damme
1961 - Wynton Marsalis, musician
1962 - Vincent Spano, actor
1976 - Azlea Antistia, erotic actress
Deaths
707 - Pope John VII
1141 - Leopold IV, Margrave of Austria and Duke of Bavaria
1417 - Pope Gregory XII
1503 - Pope Pius III
1545 - John Taverner, composer
1817 - Etienne-Nicolas Méhul, composer
1871 - Charles Babbage, mathematician and inventor of computing machines
1893 - Charles Gounod, composer
1921 - King Ludwig III of Bavaria
1931 - Thomas Edison, inventor
1959 - Boughera El Ouafi, Algerian athlete
1983 - Willie Jones, Major League Baseball player (b. 1925)
2000:
Julie London, singer, actress
Gwen Verdon, dancer, actress
2001 - Micheline Ostermeyer, French athlete and musician
2002:
Nikolai Rukavishnikov, cosmonaut
Roman Tam, a canto-pop singer (b. 1950)
2003:
Preston Smith, Governor of Texas (b. 1912)
Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, Spanish writer
2004 - Veerappan, Indian forest bandit and sandalwood smuggler (b. 1945)
Holidays and obervances
Christianity - Feast of Saint Luke
Alaska: Alaska Day
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October 17 - October 19 - September 18 - November 18 - more historical anniversaries
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